Failure to conceive is the most important factor contributing to the reduction of net calf crop. Conception rates are dramatically compromised in cows that are BCS 4 or less. Figure 3 shows the comparison between pregnancy rates and body condition scores and how these two factors impact the break-even cost of a cow-calf operation. In Virginia, the average yearly cost to maintain a cow is $300 per year. The following example also assumes an average weaning weight of 500 pounds and a 90% calf crop weaned. At a BCS of 4, only 50% of the cows were pregnant, resulting in a break-even cost of $133.33/cwt. At a BCS of 5, the 81% pregnancy rate results in a break-even cost of $82.30/cwt, at a BCS of 6 with 88% pregnant, the break-even cost falls to $75.76/cwt and finally, at a BCS of 7, the break-even cost falls to $74.07/cwt. Economically, BCS directly affects net calf crop and the success of a beef cow-calf operation. There is a significant difference in profit margin in percent calf crop between BCS 4 cows and BCS 7 cows.