The participants were trainees at the Malaysian Association for the Blind (MAB), a premier voluntary
organization in Malaysia that looks after the general well-being of blind persons in the country. All participants
had some form of visual impairment and did not have any other disabilities or impairments such as loss of limbs,
impaired speech or hearing. All 60 trainees were included in the sampling frame and were invited to participate
in this cross-sectional study involving a face-to-face interview, an oral examination and assessment of visual
impairment. They were scheduled for the data collection session after formal classes ended for the day