Results
Behavior
Our patient and comparison groups were well matched for age, gender, handedness, and education (Table 1). No group difference was observed in either overall reaction times or accuracy (comparison group: reaction time=793 msec [SD=22], accuracy=94.9% [SD=0.8]; patient group: re¬action time=872 msec [SD=58], accuracy=93.4% [SD=1.4]). Emotional conflict slowed reaction times similarly in both groups (incongruent minus congruent trial difference), including in all healthy comparison subjects and in all but one patient (comparison group: t=6.77, df=23, p<0.000001; Cohen’s d=1.4; patient group: t=5.82, df=16, p<0.00005; d=1.4); group comparison: t=0.09, df=39, p>0.9; see Figure 1B). There was a significant group difference in across-trial reaction time adjustment related to emotional conflict ad-aptation during incongruent trials (t=2.39, df=39, p<0.05; d=0.8; see Figure 1B). This effect was driven by the pre¬dicted faster performance of healthy comparison subjects on postincongruent incongruent trials than on postcon¬gruent incongruent trials (t=2.19, df=23, p<0.05; d=0.45, see Figure 1B). Patients with generalized anxiety disorder failed to show this effect. By contrast, for congruent tri¬als, exposure to an immediately preceding congruent trial produced similarly significant reaction time facilitation in both groups (comparison group: t=3.26, df=23, p<0.005; d=0.66; patient group: t=2.87, df=16, p=0.01; d=0.7; group comparison: t=0.93, df=39, p>0.35; see Figure 1B; see also Table S1 in the data supplement that accompanies the on¬line edition of this article).
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