the bacteria was incubated for 20 hours at 37 ◦C in 5% CO2. To determine MIC, the extract concentration was diluted twofold from 5000 g/mL to 78 g/mL and the inoculum of 1×104 CFU/mL was used. The lowest concentration of the herbal medicine extracts that inhibited the growth of the organism, corresponding to an inhibition of 99% of the inoculum, was considered as the MIC. To determine MBC, we used a variant on the agar dilution method. The inoculation spots with no
visible growth were cut and top down 3 L of bacterial culture broth on BHI agar plate. The lowest concentration of herbal medicine extract that yielded no growth on the agar (99.9%
kill) was defined as MBC.