A critical review of previous national studies was conducted. These studies have formed the basis for much of the
current thinking regarding the corrosion costs to the various national economies. The earliest study was reported in
1949 by Uhlig, who estimated the total cost to the economy by summing materials and procedures related to
corrosion control. The 1949 Uhlig report, which was the first to draw attention to the economic importance of
corrosion, was followed in the 1970s by a number of studies in various countries, such as the United States, the
United Kingdom, and Japan. The national study by Japan conducted in 1977 followed the Uhlig methodology. In
the United States, Battelle-NBS estimated the total direct cost of corrosion using an economic input/output
framework. The input/output method was adopted later by studies in two other nations, namely by Australia in 1983
and Kuwait in 1995. In the United Kingdom, a committee chaired by T.P. Hoar conducted a national study in 1970
using a method where the total cost was estimated by collecting data through interviews and surveys of targeted
economic sectors