The residual effects of manure and compost applications significantly in creased soil electrical conductivity and pH levels and plant-available P and NO3–N concentrations.
Four years after the last application, P leaching to a soil depth of 45 to 60 cm was observed with N-based manure or compost application.
No residual effects of manure and compost applications on soil NH4–N were observed.
Averaged across years, soil total C concentrations or quantities were not different among the treatments, indicating that total C was not a sensitive indicator.
Residual effects of N- or P-based manure or compost application increased crop production for one year and influenced soil properties for several years.