Table 1 shows the number of registered mutant cultivars of some crops developed by radiation, Gamma-rays, and those irradiated at the IRB, NIAS [4]. There are 50 mutant cultivars of chrysanthemum, 31 of rice, 16 of soybean, 10 of rose, etc. Among them, 100 cultivars have been generated at the IRB and these contributions of the IRB regarding the development and release of superior mutant induced cultivars has been extensive. This high percentage of Gamma-ray irradiated mutants indicates that mutation breeding via Gamma-ray irradiation is an effective and highly successful approach for the generation of commercial cultivars. The first mutant rice cultivar is “Reimei,” which means “dawn” in Japanese, was the first irradiation induced mutant cultivar that illustrated the potential of utilizing Gamma-rays for breeding improvements in Japan. Reduction of plant height, including dwarfism and semi-dwarfism is one of the characteristics that can be induced with high frequency by irradiation and can be easily detected in the field. “Reimei,” registered in 1966 [5] was a successful case of an irradiation induced semi-dwarf mutant. This cultivar exhibits a mutation of the sd-1 locus [6] and shows a culm 15cm shorter than the original cultivar “Fujiminori.” The semidwarf is associated with the high-yielding ability and recorded the highest yield in Japan in 1967 [5].
Table 1 shows the number of registered mutant cultivars of some crops developed by radiation, Gamma-rays, and those irradiated at the IRB, NIAS [4]. There are 50 mutant cultivars of chrysanthemum, 31 of rice, 16 of soybean, 10 of rose, etc. Among them, 100 cultivars have been generated at the IRB and these contributions of the IRB regarding the development and release of superior mutant induced cultivars has been extensive. This high percentage of Gamma-ray irradiated mutants indicates that mutation breeding via Gamma-ray irradiation is an effective and highly successful approach for the generation of commercial cultivars. The first mutant rice cultivar is “Reimei,” which means “dawn” in Japanese, was the first irradiation induced mutant cultivar that illustrated the potential of utilizing Gamma-rays for breeding improvements in Japan. Reduction of plant height, including dwarfism and semi-dwarfism is one of the characteristics that can be induced with high frequency by irradiation and can be easily detected in the field. “Reimei,” registered in 1966 [5] was a successful case of an irradiation induced semi-dwarf mutant. This cultivar exhibits a mutation of the sd-1 locus [6] and shows a culm 15cm shorter than the original cultivar “Fujiminori.” The semidwarf is associated with the high-yielding ability and recorded the highest yield in Japan in 1967 [5].
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