In the place of the PPA model came New Public Management. New Public Management involved a different conception of public accountability, with different patterns of trust and distrust and hence a different style of accountingization. The basis of New Public Management lay in reversing the two cardinal doctrines of PPA; that is, lessening or removing differences between the public and the private sector and shifting the emphasis from process accountability towards a greater element of accountability in terms of results. Accounting was to be a key element in this new conception of accountability, since it reflected high trust in the market and private business methods (no longer to be equated with organized crime) and low trust in public servants and professionals (now seen as budget-maximizing bureaucrats rather than Jesuitical ascetics), whose activities therefore needed to be more closely costed and evaluated by accounting techniques. The ideas of New Public Management were couched in the language of economic rationalism, and promoted by a new generation of “econocrats” and “accountocrats” in high public office