2.1.3.2. Coccidoxenoides perminutus. Coccidoxenoides perminutus were obtained from DuRoi Integrated Pest Management (Letsitele, South Africa) as mature pupae. Newly emerged individuals were allowed to feed for 24 h after which they were used in the experiments. No mating was necessary as C. perminutusare thelytokous
(Davies et al., 2004). Both parasitoid species were deprived of hosts 24 h prior to the experiment