As an increasing
number of DNA or rRNA nucleotide sequences become available,
the comparison of homologous sequences can yield oligonucleotide
stretches which are specific for the taxa being
compared. These oligonucleotides can be labeled and used as
probes in hybridization experiments with unknown isolates. By
using PCR techniques, the target sequences can be amplified
and the detection level can be enhanced. The use of probes,
especially in food microbiology, has been reviewed by Schleifer
(272). The value of this technique is demonstrated by the
design of species-specific 23S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide
probes useful for the identification of authentic L. acidophilus,
L. johnsonii, L. gasseri (253), L. delbrueckii, L. paracasei, and L.
helveticus and group-specific probes for L. casei and L. rhamnosus
and for L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus (144).
Oligonucleotide probes at the subspecies or genus level were
also developed, e.g., to identify the genus Lactococcus (269) or
the subspecies Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (269), and
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (166).
As an increasingnumber of DNA or rRNA nucleotide sequences become available,the comparison of homologous sequences can yield oligonucleotidestretches which are specific for the taxa beingcompared. These oligonucleotides can be labeled and used asprobes in hybridization experiments with unknown isolates. Byusing PCR techniques, the target sequences can be amplifiedand the detection level can be enhanced. The use of probes,especially in food microbiology, has been reviewed by Schleifer(272). The value of this technique is demonstrated by thedesign of species-specific 23S rRNA targeted oligonucleotideprobes useful for the identification of authentic L. acidophilus,L. johnsonii, L. gasseri (253), L. delbrueckii, L. paracasei, and L.helveticus and group-specific probes for L. casei and L. rhamnosusand for L. casei, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus (144).Oligonucleotide probes at the subspecies or genus level werealso developed, e.g., to identify the genus Lactococcus (269) orthe subspecies Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (269), andLactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (166).
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