due to the negative effect of tomato pomace compositions on the
emulsification ability of the formulation contributing to a greater loss
of liquid during compression in the TPA test. In this sense, insoluble
fiber of tomato pomace could prevent the absorption of oil by soy
protein isolate system, leading to lower hardness and cohesiveness.
In the case of beef ham, springiness and adhesiveness had similar
values and there were no significant differences between the batches
and their control. It should be noted that the values for springiness
were slightly higher (not significant, p N 0.05) in the batches containing
tomato pomace compared with the control ones, demonstrating to a
large extent the elastic characteristics of the gel formed. Hardness,
cohesiveness and chewiness parameters were significantly (p b 0.05)
affected by the addition of tomato pomace. Interestingly, there were
considerable decreases (p b 0.05) in texture parameters of those samples
containing 3% tomato pomace (J3). According to Rust and Olson
(1973) and Cassidy et al. (1978), tumbling processing affects the formation
of a protein exudate that acts as a sealer when the protein is
denatured during thermal processing. The protein extrude also aids to
immobilize water during smoking and cooking results in increased
yields, increased juiciness, and improved slicing characteristics of the