Canadian federalism
Canada is another federation with centrifugal tendencies. The British allowed the French-speaking Quebecois to keep their language, and francophone became second-class citizens, poorer than other Canadians and discriminated against because
almost all private and government business was conducted in English. In the 1960s, the Parti Quebecois (PQ) sprang up, dedicated to Quebec's independence from Canada. To appease them, the federal government in Ottawa in 1969 made Canada bilingual, with French and English having equal rights. The PQ wanted more and made French the only official language of Quebec. Trying to hold the federation which came to look a bit like a confederation as the provinces overruled the center together, Ottawa and the provincial governments laboriously developed two new federal accords, both rejected. The stumbling block was a separate status for Quebec as a"distinct society." Quebeckers said it did not go far enough; other Canadians said it went too far. Quebec's drive for sovereignty has receded, but Canadians still quarrel over federalism.
Canadian federalismCanada is another federation with centrifugal tendencies. The British allowed the French-speaking Quebecois to keep their language, and francophone became second-class citizens, poorer than other Canadians and discriminated against because almost all private and government business was conducted in English. In the 1960s, the Parti Quebecois (PQ) sprang up, dedicated to Quebec's independence from Canada. To appease them, the federal government in Ottawa in 1969 made Canada bilingual, with French and English having equal rights. The PQ wanted more and made French the only official language of Quebec. Trying to hold the federation which came to look a bit like a confederation as the provinces overruled the center together, Ottawa and the provincial governments laboriously developed two new federal accords, both rejected. The stumbling block was a separate status for Quebec as a"distinct society." Quebeckers said it did not go far enough; other Canadians said it went too far. Quebec's drive for sovereignty has receded, but Canadians still quarrel over federalism.
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