Immunization for waterborne diseases.One review considered the value of injected whole cell or subunit vaccines in cholera prevention [71]. The authors found 16 trials involving over 1 million participants, reporting reduced risk of death from cholera (RR 0.49, 95%CI 0.25 to 0.93) and reduced risk of contracting cholera at 12 months for children <5 years old (RR 0.52, 95%CI 0.42 to 0.65). The evidence was of moderate quality. The authors concluded that injected cholera vaccines are safe and more effective than generally realised but that injected vaccines have been superseded by oral ones.
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