- ข้อความ
- ประวัติศาสตร์
We found that a 12-month obesity in
We found that a 12-month obesity intervention for adolescents at risk for T2DM that utilized a website program had positive effects on sedentary behavior. Additionally, when this website program was combined with group sessions, positive effects on use of behavioral change strategies for fruit and vegetable consumption were found. However, 12 months of access to the same website program coupled with SMS or group sessions and counselor calls had no effects on sedentary behavior or behavior change strategies. Although there were no intervention effects on the main outcomes of BMI, adiposity, diet, and physical activity, the use of change strategies for fruit and vegetable consumption was positively correlated with fruit and vegetable consumption among girls.
Although all three intervention arms had decreases in sedentary behavior, it is not clear why the W arm had the greatest decrease in sedentary behavior. The purpose of the counseling calls and group meetings was to reinforce the concepts presented in the web tutorials, deliver additional support and guidance if needed, and potentially improve adherence. Because fairly equal weekly computer program login frequencies were observed in all intervention arms despite the W arm having less intervention touch points, it is possible that those in the W arm were more self-motivated than the other intervention participants. It is also possible that the WSMS arm, which had the least change in sedentary behavior of the three intervention arms, was not as effective as the W arm if the text messages were considered a nuisance and were ignored. We did not collect data on perceptions or satisfaction with text messages, however.
The present finding of minimal intervention effects is consistent with other interventions targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes. A 12-week physical activity and diet intervention in primary care targeting minority overweight adolescents showed decreased fasting insulin but no changes in BMI or adiposity.30 A 12-month school- based intervention targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes that used coping skills training had no effects on BMI or physical activity but did result in improvements in food choices and self-efficacy for physical activity.31 Furthermore, our findings on sedentary behavior are in agreement with obesity prevention studies targeting youth who have suggested sedentary behavior to be more likely to improve than BMI, diet, or physical activity.32 A website nutrition program was ineffective at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among teens at risk for diabetes.33 In a study of adolescents 13 to 16 years of age, addition of counseling calls and emails to a community-based intervention did not have an effect on weight loss, diet change, or increased physical activity.34 Given that, in our study, physical activity, diet, BMI, or adiposity did not change suggests the need for more intensive interventions (e.g., integrating physical activity classes) for overweight adolescents with comorbidities related to risk for T2DM. A 12-month weight management family-based behavioral intervention program targeting overweight children that incorporated a workout routine as part of the intervention was more effective than receiving counseling provided by a dietitian and physician for reducing body weight, adiposity, insulin, and cholesterol.35
Despite the high risk for psychological morbidity in overweight adolescents,6,7 the mean depression, self-esteem, and quality-of-life scores in our sample indicated good psychological health and were not associated with change in BMI or adiposity. However, we did find an inverse correlation in girls between depression and change in physical activity, consistent with other studies,36,37 and positive correlations between physical functioning QOL and behavioral change strategies. These findings suggest that greater use of health behavior change strategies might be a means to improve psychological wellbeing and QOL, particularly among girls.
Limitations of the study included a high loss to follow-up at 12 months, a finding that is consistent with other research, suggesting higher attrition rates for youth in weight management programs and chronically ill38 and in computer- based interventions.39 Furthermore, the large decrease in participants who logged on to the web program over the
12 months in all intervention arms could indicate a decline in interest in the intervention and overall low exposure to the intervention, which could explain the failure to improve the main outcome measures. Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior data are based on self-report and thus may be inaccurate. This may be particularly the case for data from the food frequency questionnaire. For example, there was a relatively high report of fruit and vegetable servings per 1000 calories/day at baseline in our study. Given that the average reported at baseline of fruit and vegetable consumption was approximately two servings per 1000 calories/day, at 2000 calories, most adolescents in our study would be close to meeting the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Another limitation is that the generalizability of the study findings may be limited to primarily Latino adolescents living in Southern California. Finally, because of the small number of participants per study arm, there was insufficient statistical power to detect study arm differences relative to the control arm on some secondary and exploratory outcomes even though changes on these outcomes were in the expected direction.
Although all three intervention arms had decreases in sedentary behavior, it is not clear why the W arm had the greatest decrease in sedentary behavior. The purpose of the counseling calls and group meetings was to reinforce the concepts presented in the web tutorials, deliver additional support and guidance if needed, and potentially improve adherence. Because fairly equal weekly computer program login frequencies were observed in all intervention arms despite the W arm having less intervention touch points, it is possible that those in the W arm were more self-motivated than the other intervention participants. It is also possible that the WSMS arm, which had the least change in sedentary behavior of the three intervention arms, was not as effective as the W arm if the text messages were considered a nuisance and were ignored. We did not collect data on perceptions or satisfaction with text messages, however.
The present finding of minimal intervention effects is consistent with other interventions targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes. A 12-week physical activity and diet intervention in primary care targeting minority overweight adolescents showed decreased fasting insulin but no changes in BMI or adiposity.30 A 12-month school- based intervention targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes that used coping skills training had no effects on BMI or physical activity but did result in improvements in food choices and self-efficacy for physical activity.31 Furthermore, our findings on sedentary behavior are in agreement with obesity prevention studies targeting youth who have suggested sedentary behavior to be more likely to improve than BMI, diet, or physical activity.32 A website nutrition program was ineffective at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among teens at risk for diabetes.33 In a study of adolescents 13 to 16 years of age, addition of counseling calls and emails to a community-based intervention did not have an effect on weight loss, diet change, or increased physical activity.34 Given that, in our study, physical activity, diet, BMI, or adiposity did not change suggests the need for more intensive interventions (e.g., integrating physical activity classes) for overweight adolescents with comorbidities related to risk for T2DM. A 12-month weight management family-based behavioral intervention program targeting overweight children that incorporated a workout routine as part of the intervention was more effective than receiving counseling provided by a dietitian and physician for reducing body weight, adiposity, insulin, and cholesterol.35
Despite the high risk for psychological morbidity in overweight adolescents,6,7 the mean depression, self-esteem, and quality-of-life scores in our sample indicated good psychological health and were not associated with change in BMI or adiposity. However, we did find an inverse correlation in girls between depression and change in physical activity, consistent with other studies,36,37 and positive correlations between physical functioning QOL and behavioral change strategies. These findings suggest that greater use of health behavior change strategies might be a means to improve psychological wellbeing and QOL, particularly among girls.
Limitations of the study included a high loss to follow-up at 12 months, a finding that is consistent with other research, suggesting higher attrition rates for youth in weight management programs and chronically ill38 and in computer- based interventions.39 Furthermore, the large decrease in participants who logged on to the web program over the
12 months in all intervention arms could indicate a decline in interest in the intervention and overall low exposure to the intervention, which could explain the failure to improve the main outcome measures. Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior data are based on self-report and thus may be inaccurate. This may be particularly the case for data from the food frequency questionnaire. For example, there was a relatively high report of fruit and vegetable servings per 1000 calories/day at baseline in our study. Given that the average reported at baseline of fruit and vegetable consumption was approximately two servings per 1000 calories/day, at 2000 calories, most adolescents in our study would be close to meeting the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Another limitation is that the generalizability of the study findings may be limited to primarily Latino adolescents living in Southern California. Finally, because of the small number of participants per study arm, there was insufficient statistical power to detect study arm differences relative to the control arm on some secondary and exploratory outcomes even though changes on these outcomes were in the expected direction.
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We found that a 12-month obesity intervention for adolescents at risk for T2DM that utilized a website program had positive effects on sedentary behavior. Additionally, when this website program was combined with group sessions, positive effects on use of behavioral change strategies for fruit and vegetable consumption were found. However, 12 months of access to the same website program coupled with SMS or group sessions and counselor calls had no effects on sedentary behavior or behavior change strategies. Although there were no intervention effects on the main outcomes of BMI, adiposity, diet, and physical activity, the use of change strategies for fruit and vegetable consumption was positively correlated with fruit and vegetable consumption among girls.แม้ว่าแผ่นดินแทรกแซงสามทั้งหมดได้ลดลงในการทำงานประจำ ไม่ล้างทำไมแขน W มีราคาลดลงมากที่สุดในการทำงานประจำ วัตถุประสงค์ของการให้คำปรึกษาโทรศัพท์และการประชุมกลุ่มเพื่อ เสริมสร้างแนวคิดที่นำเสนอในบทเรียนเว็บ เพิ่มเติมและคำแนะนำถ้าจำเป็น และอาจปรับปรุงต่าง ๆ ได้ เนื่องจากค่อนข้างเท่ารายสัปดาห์คอมพิวเตอร์โปรแกรมล็อกความถี่สุภัคแขนแทรกแซงทั้งหมดแม้จะมีการแทรกแซงน้อยที่สัมผัสจุดแขน W มันเป็นไปได้ว่า ในแขน W ถูกเพิ่มเติมด้วยตนเองแรงจูงใจมากกว่าการแทรกแซงของผู้เข้าร่วม ก็สามารถทำได้ที่แขน WSMS ซึ่งมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงน้อยที่สุดในพฤติกรรมแย่ ๆ ของแผ่นดินสามแทรกแซง ไม่มีประสิทธิภาพที่แขน W ถ้าข้อความได้ถือเป็นการรบกวน และละเว้น เราไม่ไม่รวบรวมข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับความพึงพอใจกับข้อความ หรือภาพลักษณ์อย่างไรก็ตามThe present finding of minimal intervention effects is consistent with other interventions targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes. A 12-week physical activity and diet intervention in primary care targeting minority overweight adolescents showed decreased fasting insulin but no changes in BMI or adiposity.30 A 12-month school- based intervention targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes that used coping skills training had no effects on BMI or physical activity but did result in improvements in food choices and self-efficacy for physical activity.31 Furthermore, our findings on sedentary behavior are in agreement with obesity prevention studies targeting youth who have suggested sedentary behavior to be more likely to improve than BMI, diet, or physical activity.32 A website nutrition program was ineffective at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among teens at risk for diabetes.33 In a study of adolescents 13 to 16 years of age, addition of counseling calls and emails to a community-based intervention did not have an effect on weight loss, diet change, or increased physical activity.34 Given that, in our study, physical activity, diet, BMI, or adiposity did not change suggests the need for more intensive interventions (e.g., integrating physical activity classes) for overweight adolescents with comorbidities related to risk for T2DM. A 12-month weight management family-based behavioral intervention program targeting overweight children that incorporated a workout routine as part of the intervention was more effective than receiving counseling provided by a dietitian and physician for reducing body weight, adiposity, insulin, and cholesterol.35แม้ มีความเสี่ยงสูงสำหรับ morbidity จิตใจในภาวะวัยรุ่น 6, 7 หมายถึงภาวะซึมเศร้า นับถือตนเอง และคะแนนคุณภาพชีวิตในตัวอย่างเราระบุปัญหาสุขภาพฟันดี และไม่ได้เกี่ยวข้องกับเปลี่ยน BMI หรือ adiposity อย่างไรก็ตาม เราไม่พบความสัมพันธ์ที่ผกผันในหญิงระหว่างภาวะซึมเศร้า และเปลี่ยนแปลงในกิจกรรมทางกายภาพ สอดคล้องกับการศึกษาอื่น ๆ 36, 37 และบวกความสัมพันธ์ระหว่าง QOL ทำงานจริงและกลยุทธ์การเปลี่ยนแปลงพฤติกรรม ผลการวิจัยเหล่านี้แนะนำว่า การใช้กลยุทธ์การเปลี่ยนแปลงพฤติกรรมสุขภาพมากกว่าอาจหมายถึงการปรับปรุงจิตใจดีและ QOL โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในหมู่ผู้หญิงข้อจำกัดของการศึกษารวมขาดทุนสูงเพื่อติดตามผลใน 12 เดือน ค้นหาที่สอดคล้องกับงานวิจัยอื่น ๆ แนะนำราคาระดับสูง attrition สำหรับเยาวชนในโปรแกรมการจัดการน้ำหนักและ ill38 โรคเรื้อรัง และในคอมพิวเตอร์-ใช้ interventions.39 นอกจากนี้ ขนาดใหญ่ลดลงผู้เรียนที่เข้าสู่ระบบไปยังโปรแกรมเว็บไป12 months in all intervention arms could indicate a decline in interest in the intervention and overall low exposure to the intervention, which could explain the failure to improve the main outcome measures. Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior data are based on self-report and thus may be inaccurate. This may be particularly the case for data from the food frequency questionnaire. For example, there was a relatively high report of fruit and vegetable servings per 1000 calories/day at baseline in our study. Given that the average reported at baseline of fruit and vegetable consumption was approximately two servings per 1000 calories/day, at 2000 calories, most adolescents in our study would be close to meeting the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Another limitation is that the generalizability of the study findings may be limited to primarily Latino adolescents living in Southern California. Finally, because of the small number of participants per study arm, there was insufficient statistical power to detect study arm differences relative to the control arm on some secondary and exploratory outcomes even though changes on these outcomes were in the expected direction.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
We found that a 12-month obesity intervention for adolescents at risk for T2DM that utilized a website program had positive effects on sedentary behavior. Additionally, when this website program was combined with group sessions, positive effects on use of behavioral change strategies for fruit and vegetable consumption were found. However, 12 months of access to the same website program coupled with SMS or group sessions and counselor calls had no effects on sedentary behavior or behavior change strategies. Although there were no intervention effects on the main outcomes of BMI, adiposity, diet, and physical activity, the use of change strategies for fruit and vegetable consumption was positively correlated with fruit and vegetable consumption among girls.
Although all three intervention arms had decreases in sedentary behavior, it is not clear why the W arm had the greatest decrease in sedentary behavior. The purpose of the counseling calls and group meetings was to reinforce the concepts presented in the web tutorials, deliver additional support and guidance if needed, and potentially improve adherence. Because fairly equal weekly computer program login frequencies were observed in all intervention arms despite the W arm having less intervention touch points, it is possible that those in the W arm were more self-motivated than the other intervention participants. It is also possible that the WSMS arm, which had the least change in sedentary behavior of the three intervention arms, was not as effective as the W arm if the text messages were considered a nuisance and were ignored. We did not collect data on perceptions or satisfaction with text messages, however.
The present finding of minimal intervention effects is consistent with other interventions targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes. A 12-week physical activity and diet intervention in primary care targeting minority overweight adolescents showed decreased fasting insulin but no changes in BMI or adiposity.30 A 12-month school- based intervention targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes that used coping skills training had no effects on BMI or physical activity but did result in improvements in food choices and self-efficacy for physical activity.31 Furthermore, our findings on sedentary behavior are in agreement with obesity prevention studies targeting youth who have suggested sedentary behavior to be more likely to improve than BMI, diet, or physical activity.32 A website nutrition program was ineffective at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among teens at risk for diabetes.33 In a study of adolescents 13 to 16 years of age, addition of counseling calls and emails to a community-based intervention did not have an effect on weight loss, diet change, or increased physical activity.34 Given that, in our study, physical activity, diet, BMI, or adiposity did not change suggests the need for more intensive interventions (e.g., integrating physical activity classes) for overweight adolescents with comorbidities related to risk for T2DM. A 12-month weight management family-based behavioral intervention program targeting overweight children that incorporated a workout routine as part of the intervention was more effective than receiving counseling provided by a dietitian and physician for reducing body weight, adiposity, insulin, and cholesterol.35
Despite the high risk for psychological morbidity in overweight adolescents,6,7 the mean depression, self-esteem, and quality-of-life scores in our sample indicated good psychological health and were not associated with change in BMI or adiposity. However, we did find an inverse correlation in girls between depression and change in physical activity, consistent with other studies,36,37 and positive correlations between physical functioning QOL and behavioral change strategies. These findings suggest that greater use of health behavior change strategies might be a means to improve psychological wellbeing and QOL, particularly among girls.
Limitations of the study included a high loss to follow-up at 12 months, a finding that is consistent with other research, suggesting higher attrition rates for youth in weight management programs and chronically ill38 and in computer- based interventions.39 Furthermore, the large decrease in participants who logged on to the web program over the
12 months in all intervention arms could indicate a decline in interest in the intervention and overall low exposure to the intervention, which could explain the failure to improve the main outcome measures. Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior data are based on self-report and thus may be inaccurate. This may be particularly the case for data from the food frequency questionnaire. For example, there was a relatively high report of fruit and vegetable servings per 1000 calories/day at baseline in our study. Given that the average reported at baseline of fruit and vegetable consumption was approximately two servings per 1000 calories/day, at 2000 calories, most adolescents in our study would be close to meeting the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Another limitation is that the generalizability of the study findings may be limited to primarily Latino adolescents living in Southern California. Finally, because of the small number of participants per study arm, there was insufficient statistical power to detect study arm differences relative to the control arm on some secondary and exploratory outcomes even though changes on these outcomes were in the expected direction.
Although all three intervention arms had decreases in sedentary behavior, it is not clear why the W arm had the greatest decrease in sedentary behavior. The purpose of the counseling calls and group meetings was to reinforce the concepts presented in the web tutorials, deliver additional support and guidance if needed, and potentially improve adherence. Because fairly equal weekly computer program login frequencies were observed in all intervention arms despite the W arm having less intervention touch points, it is possible that those in the W arm were more self-motivated than the other intervention participants. It is also possible that the WSMS arm, which had the least change in sedentary behavior of the three intervention arms, was not as effective as the W arm if the text messages were considered a nuisance and were ignored. We did not collect data on perceptions or satisfaction with text messages, however.
The present finding of minimal intervention effects is consistent with other interventions targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes. A 12-week physical activity and diet intervention in primary care targeting minority overweight adolescents showed decreased fasting insulin but no changes in BMI or adiposity.30 A 12-month school- based intervention targeting overweight adolescents at risk for diabetes that used coping skills training had no effects on BMI or physical activity but did result in improvements in food choices and self-efficacy for physical activity.31 Furthermore, our findings on sedentary behavior are in agreement with obesity prevention studies targeting youth who have suggested sedentary behavior to be more likely to improve than BMI, diet, or physical activity.32 A website nutrition program was ineffective at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption among teens at risk for diabetes.33 In a study of adolescents 13 to 16 years of age, addition of counseling calls and emails to a community-based intervention did not have an effect on weight loss, diet change, or increased physical activity.34 Given that, in our study, physical activity, diet, BMI, or adiposity did not change suggests the need for more intensive interventions (e.g., integrating physical activity classes) for overweight adolescents with comorbidities related to risk for T2DM. A 12-month weight management family-based behavioral intervention program targeting overweight children that incorporated a workout routine as part of the intervention was more effective than receiving counseling provided by a dietitian and physician for reducing body weight, adiposity, insulin, and cholesterol.35
Despite the high risk for psychological morbidity in overweight adolescents,6,7 the mean depression, self-esteem, and quality-of-life scores in our sample indicated good psychological health and were not associated with change in BMI or adiposity. However, we did find an inverse correlation in girls between depression and change in physical activity, consistent with other studies,36,37 and positive correlations between physical functioning QOL and behavioral change strategies. These findings suggest that greater use of health behavior change strategies might be a means to improve psychological wellbeing and QOL, particularly among girls.
Limitations of the study included a high loss to follow-up at 12 months, a finding that is consistent with other research, suggesting higher attrition rates for youth in weight management programs and chronically ill38 and in computer- based interventions.39 Furthermore, the large decrease in participants who logged on to the web program over the
12 months in all intervention arms could indicate a decline in interest in the intervention and overall low exposure to the intervention, which could explain the failure to improve the main outcome measures. Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior data are based on self-report and thus may be inaccurate. This may be particularly the case for data from the food frequency questionnaire. For example, there was a relatively high report of fruit and vegetable servings per 1000 calories/day at baseline in our study. Given that the average reported at baseline of fruit and vegetable consumption was approximately two servings per 1000 calories/day, at 2000 calories, most adolescents in our study would be close to meeting the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Another limitation is that the generalizability of the study findings may be limited to primarily Latino adolescents living in Southern California. Finally, because of the small number of participants per study arm, there was insufficient statistical power to detect study arm differences relative to the control arm on some secondary and exploratory outcomes even though changes on these outcomes were in the expected direction.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
เราพบว่า 12 เดือน สำหรับวัยรุ่น ที่เสี่ยงต่อโรคอ้วน การแทรกแซง t2dm ที่ใช้โปรแกรมเว็บไซต์เป็นปัจจัยสำคัญที่มีผลกระทบต่อพฤติกรรมกลุ่ม . นอกจากนี้ เมื่อ โปรแกรม เว็บไซต์นี้ถูกรวมกับเป็นกลุ่ม , ผลในเชิงบวกในการใช้กลยุทธ์การเปลี่ยนแปลงพฤติกรรมการบริโภคผักและผลไม้ที่พบ อย่างไรก็ตาม12 เดือนของการเข้าถึงเว็บไซต์เดียวกันโปรแกรมคู่กับ SMS หรือเซสชันกลุ่ม และที่ปรึกษาสาย ไม่มีผลกระทบต่อพฤติกรรมการ ออกกำลังกาย หรือเปลี่ยนพฤติกรรม แม้จะไม่มีผลการแทรกแซงในผลหลักของ BMI adiposity , อาหารและกิจกรรมทางกายการใช้กลยุทธ์การเปลี่ยนแปลงสำหรับผักผลไม้ มีความสัมพันธ์ทางบวก กับผลไม้และการบริโภคผักในหมู่สาวๆ แม้ว่าการแทรกแซงทั้งสามแขน
ได้ลดลงในพฤติกรรมประจำที่ไม่เป็นที่ชัดเจนว่า ทำไมแขนมีน้ำหนักลดลง มากที่สุดในพฤติกรรมกลุ่ม .วัตถุประสงค์ของการให้คำปรึกษา โทรศัพท์ และการประชุมกลุ่ม เพื่อเสริมสร้างแนวคิดที่นำเสนอในเว็บต่างๆ ที่ให้การสนับสนุนเพิ่มเติมและคำแนะนำหากจำเป็น และอาจปรับปรุงการยึดมั่น เพราะค่อนข้างเท่าเทียมกันรายสัปดาห์โปรแกรมเข้าสู่ระบบความถี่พบในอ้อมแขนการแทรกแซงทั้งหมดแม้จะมีน้ำหนักแขนมีน้อยกว่าการแทรกแซงสัมผัสจุดมันเป็นไปได้ที่ W แขนมากขึ้นกว่าคนอื่น ๆในกลุ่ม นอกจากนี้ยังเป็นไปได้ว่า wsms แขนซึ่งมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงน้อยที่สุดในกลุ่มของการแทรกแซงพฤติกรรมสามแขน ไม่มีผลเป็นการ W แขนถ้าข้อความที่ถูกรบกวน และถูกละเลยเราไม่ได้เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับการรับรู้หรือความพึงพอใจกับข้อความ อย่างไรก็ตาม การเสนอผล
การแทรกแซงน้อยที่สุด สอดคล้องกับมาตรการอื่น ๆเป้าหมายวัยรุ่นอ้วน เสี่ยงต่อโรคเบาหวาน12 สัปดาห์และกิจกรรมทางกายในการแทรกแซงอาหารหลักดูแลเป้าหมายชนกลุ่มน้อยอ้วนวัยรุ่นพบลดลงการอดอาหารอินซูลิน แต่ไม่มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงในค่าดัชนีมวลกาย หรือ adiposity .
ได้ลดลงในพฤติกรรมประจำที่ไม่เป็นที่ชัดเจนว่า ทำไมแขนมีน้ำหนักลดลง มากที่สุดในพฤติกรรมกลุ่ม .วัตถุประสงค์ของการให้คำปรึกษา โทรศัพท์ และการประชุมกลุ่ม เพื่อเสริมสร้างแนวคิดที่นำเสนอในเว็บต่างๆ ที่ให้การสนับสนุนเพิ่มเติมและคำแนะนำหากจำเป็น และอาจปรับปรุงการยึดมั่น เพราะค่อนข้างเท่าเทียมกันรายสัปดาห์โปรแกรมเข้าสู่ระบบความถี่พบในอ้อมแขนการแทรกแซงทั้งหมดแม้จะมีน้ำหนักแขนมีน้อยกว่าการแทรกแซงสัมผัสจุดมันเป็นไปได้ที่ W แขนมากขึ้นกว่าคนอื่น ๆในกลุ่ม นอกจากนี้ยังเป็นไปได้ว่า wsms แขนซึ่งมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงน้อยที่สุดในกลุ่มของการแทรกแซงพฤติกรรมสามแขน ไม่มีผลเป็นการ W แขนถ้าข้อความที่ถูกรบกวน และถูกละเลยเราไม่ได้เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับการรับรู้หรือความพึงพอใจกับข้อความ อย่างไรก็ตาม การเสนอผล
การแทรกแซงน้อยที่สุด สอดคล้องกับมาตรการอื่น ๆเป้าหมายวัยรุ่นอ้วน เสี่ยงต่อโรคเบาหวาน12 สัปดาห์และกิจกรรมทางกายในการแทรกแซงอาหารหลักดูแลเป้าหมายชนกลุ่มน้อยอ้วนวัยรุ่นพบลดลงการอดอาหารอินซูลิน แต่ไม่มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงในค่าดัชนีมวลกาย หรือ adiposity .
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