Introduction
Soybean [(Glycine max(L.) Merr.] is a dominant world crop for
vegetable oil and protein for animal and human consumption.
Interest in soybean production has increased because soybean
has a fairly wide range of adaptation involving a wide array of
climatic, soil and growth conditions. In Vojvodina, northern part
of the Serbia Republic, soybean was grown on 43,583 - 146,000
ha during the period between 1993 and 2004
19
. The average yield
was 2.1 t ha-1
, and the yield, ranging from 1.2 - 2.8 t ha
-1
,depended
primarily on the amount and distribution of precipitation. Most
soybean crops in Vojvodina are produced under rainfed
conditions; however, some portion is now taking place under
irrigation to stabilize production from year to year. In the variable
climatic conditions of Vojvodina, in which summers are semi-arid
to semi-humid
6
, high and stable yields of soybean can be obtained
only by irrigation. Only optimum conditions permit the plants to
use water according to their needs, i.e. to the level of potential
evapotranspiration (ET
c
). In Vojvodina the ET
c
of soybean is 450
- 480 mm
38
. The likelihood that such rainfall levels will occur
naturally during the growing season is 4-5%, which means that
the genetic potential for yield of otherwise very high-yielding
soybean variety will not be fully realized, since the amount of
precipitation determines the potential yield levels. Agriculture in
Vojvodina indubitably lacks water as one of the cornerstones of
crop production, i.e. optimum soil moisture may be provided only
by irrigation
2, 28
. If the natural deficit of water, that occurs during
soybean growing season in dry years in Vojvodina, is eliminated
by the use of irrigation systems, high and stable yields of over 4
t ha
-1
can be obtained.
IntroductionSoybean [(Glycine max(L.) Merr.] is a dominant world crop for vegetable oil and protein for animal and human consumption. Interest in soybean production has increased because soybean has a fairly wide range of adaptation involving a wide array of climatic, soil and growth conditions. In Vojvodina, northern part of the Serbia Republic, soybean was grown on 43,583 - 146,000 ha during the period between 1993 and 2004 19. The average yield was 2.1 t ha-1, and the yield, ranging from 1.2 - 2.8 t ha-1,dependedprimarily on the amount and distribution of precipitation. Most soybean crops in Vojvodina are produced under rainfed conditions; however, some portion is now taking place under irrigation to stabilize production from year to year. In the variable climatic conditions of Vojvodina, in which summers are semi-arid to semi-humid 6, high and stable yields of soybean can be obtained only by irrigation. Only optimum conditions permit the plants to use water according to their needs, i.e. to the level of potential evapotranspiration (ETc). In Vojvodina the ETcof soybean is 450 - 480 mm 38. The likelihood that such rainfall levels will occur naturally during the growing season is 4-5%, which means that the genetic potential for yield of otherwise very high-yielding soybean variety will not be fully realized, since the amount of precipitation determines the potential yield levels. Agriculture in Vojvodina indubitably lacks water as one of the cornerstones of
crop production, i.e. optimum soil moisture may be provided only
by irrigation
2, 28
. If the natural deficit of water, that occurs during
soybean growing season in dry years in Vojvodina, is eliminated
by the use of irrigation systems, high and stable yields of over 4
t ha
-1
can be obtained.
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