To compare the energy consumptions measured in the vari- ous buildings, the most common benchmarking metric used in the energy sector is based on the gross heated floor area (including the exterior walls) [17,26,27]. Furthermore, the climatic boundaries must be specified to neutralize the effect of weather conditions. The thermal end energy consumption of each building collected during this study was altered, based on the average climatic conditions in Luxembourg. In doing so, the portion of thermal end energy