1 Navigation and Sensors for Autonomous Operation
1.1.1 Concerns for Navigation
Navigation can be defined as the process of determining and controlling the position of a
vehicle. In many cases, the purpose of navigation is to travel to given destination. The
choice of course is a major concern for the navigator, but the path traveled doesn’t affect
the quality of the task except in terms of the cost of travel. In agricultural operations, the
traveled course becomes a plowed or planted area; hence, the accuracy of navigation
directly influences operational accuracy and efficiency. In addition, agricultural operation
2
requires not only movement to a specified position but also required sub-tasks
accompanying the navigation. For example, in order to accomplish fertilizer application in
a specified field, the autonomous vehicle must perform some sub-tasks such as movement
to the field, application of fertilizer, refilling the applicator with fertilizer when the hopper
is empty, and returning to the yard. Requested control and positioning in sub-tasks
somewhat differ from one another. In traveling to the field for applying fertilizer, a vehicle
can conduct tasks by following paths given on a map, in which case absolute positional
information must be given. On the contrary, when the vehicle is approaching the fertilizer
supplier, the relative position of the vehicle with respect to the supplier is requisite.
1 Navigation and Sensors for Autonomous Operation1.1.1 Concerns for NavigationNavigation can be defined as the process of determining and controlling the position of avehicle. In many cases, the purpose of navigation is to travel to given destination. Thechoice of course is a major concern for the navigator, but the path traveled doesn’t affectthe quality of the task except in terms of the cost of travel. In agricultural operations, thetraveled course becomes a plowed or planted area; hence, the accuracy of navigationdirectly influences operational accuracy and efficiency. In addition, agricultural operation 2requires not only movement to a specified position but also required sub-tasksaccompanying the navigation. For example, in order to accomplish fertilizer application ina specified field, the autonomous vehicle must perform some sub-tasks such as movementto the field, application of fertilizer, refilling the applicator with fertilizer when the hopperis empty, and returning to the yard. Requested control and positioning in sub-taskssomewhat differ from one another. In traveling to the field for applying fertilizer, a vehiclecan conduct tasks by following paths given on a map, in which case absolute positionalinformation must be given. On the contrary, when the vehicle is approaching the fertilizersupplier, the relative position of the vehicle with respect to the supplier is requisite.
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