Data and sample collectionPig BW as a pen weight was weighed at the beginning No differences were found on growth performance Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. [Epub ahead of print] 3Table 1. Composition of experimental diets for weaned pigs (as-fed basis)1ItemsIngredient (%)Corn 39.60 22.50 44.95 27.85 54.80 37.70Soybean meal, 48% 10.00 7.00 18.00 15.00 24.00 21.00Palm kernel expellersDried whey 22.00 22.00 16.00 16.00 10.00 10.00Spray dried plasma 8.00 8.00 4.00 4.00 - -Fish meal 10.00 10.00 9.00 9.00 6.00 6.00Lactose 6.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 - -Soybean oil 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00Limestone 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.70 0.70Dicalcium phosphate - - 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.60Zinc oxide 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 - -Salt - - 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40Vitamin premix3 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15Mineral premix4 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15L-lysine-HCl - 0.10 - 0.10 0.20 0.30Total 100 100 100 100 100 100Calculated energy and nutrient contentsME (Mcal/kg) 3.57 3.51 3.51 3.44 3.47 3.41CP (%) 23.10 23.70 23.00 23.50 21.10 21.70Crude fat (%) 2.84 4.45 2.92 4.53 2.94 4.54Crude fiber (%) 1.21 4.10 1.62 4.51 2.04 4.93NDF (%) 4.43 13.92 5.57 15.06 6.96 16.45ADF (%) 1.67 8.48 2.24 9.06 2.85 9.66Calcium (%) 0.83 0.88 0.83 0.88 0.81 0.86Phosphorus (%) 0.72 0.76 0.73 0.76 0.67 0.71Lysine (%) 1.60 1.62 1.48 1.50 1.37 1.39ME, metabolizable energy; CP, crude protein; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; GE, gross energy; DM, dry matter.1 Phase 1 = wk 1 (7 days), phase 2 = wk 2 to 3 (14 days), phase 3 = wk 4 to 6 (21 days). CON, control diet based on corn and soybean meal; PKE, CON+20% palm kernel expellers.2 The analyzed energy and nutrient contents of palm kernel expellers are 4,492 kcal/kg GE, 94.3% DM, 16.9% CP, 9.0% ether extract, 13.3% crude fiber, 4.5% ash, 53.9% NDF, and 26.9% ADF. 3 Provided per kilogram of diet: vitamin A, 12,000 IU; vitamin D3, 2,500 IU; vitamin E, 30 IU; vitamin K3, 3 mg; D-pantothenic acid, 15 mg; nicotinic acid, 40 mg; choline, 400 mg; and vitamin B12, 12 μg. 4 Provided per kilogram of diet: Fe, 90 mg from iron sulfate; Cu, 8.8 mg from copper sulfate; Zn, 100 mg from zinc oxide; Mn, 54 mg from manganese oxide; I, 0.35 mg from potassium iodide; Se, 0.30 mg from sodium selenite.during phase 1 and 3 when weaned pigs fed either CON or PKE (Table 2). However, feeding PKE to weaned pigs tended (p = 0.06) to increase average daily gain (ADG), increased (p<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), and decreased (p<0.05) gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) during phase 2 compared with CON. During overall experimental period, feeding PKE to weaned pigs also tended (p = 0.05) to increase ADG and increased (p<0.05) ADFI, but did not affect G:F. One of the most important points in the management program of weaning pigs is the fast adaptation of solid feed of nursery diets from liquid feed of sow milk as well as the fast increase amount of feed intake after weaning because it can directly influence their growth performance and health (Lalles et al., 2007). In addition, Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3CON PKE CON PKE CON PKE2- 20.00 - 20.00 - 20.00finishing pig diets reduced growth performance (Kim et al., 2001; Ao et al., 2011). The data from present experiment cannot be directly compared with the data from previous studies described above because the data from present experiment is for weaned pigs rather than finishing pigs. However, the present experiment did not show any adverse effects on ADFI and ADG when weaned pigs fed PKE during overall experimental period.There were no differences on apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy when weaned pigs fed either CON or PKE (Table 3). Previous studies reported that the increased fiber contents in swine diets contribute to the decrease nutrient digestibility (Noblet and Le Goff, 2001) and that palm kernel co-products in
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