As fundamental changes in ecological–economic
systems can involve a loss of function and productivity
seen from a human perspective, a central research
question concerns the ability of systems to absorb stress
or shock without losing their self-organization. This
ability is called the resilience of the system (in the sense
of Holling, 1973, 1986), and in principle, it can be
measured by the severity of shock that can be absorbed
before the system flips to another stability domain. One
of the most important factors influencing the resilience
of a system is the diversity of organisms constituting
the system. For given environmental conditions, some
keystone species are crucial in maintaining the organization
of the system; however, if these conditions
change, the non-keystone species may become important
to buffer disturbances and eventually to take over
the mediating role of the former keystone species.
Therefore, biodiversity can be said to constitute a kind
of life insurance.
As fundamental changes in ecological–economicsystems can involve a loss of function and productivityseen from a human perspective, a central researchquestion concerns the ability of systems to absorb stressor shock without losing their self-organization. Thisability is called the resilience of the system (in the senseof Holling, 1973, 1986), and in principle, it can bemeasured by the severity of shock that can be absorbedbefore the system flips to another stability domain. Oneof the most important factors influencing the resilienceof a system is the diversity of organisms constitutingthe system. For given environmental conditions, somekeystone species are crucial in maintaining the organizationof the system; however, if these conditionschange, the non-keystone species may become importantto buffer disturbances and eventually to take overthe mediating role of the former keystone species.Therefore, biodiversity can be said to constitute a kindof life insurance.
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