However, Preston et al. (2000) reported that the abdominal fat pad of birds fed dietscontaining 330 g/kg whole wheat was increased by 5.3%. Nahas and Lefrancois (2001) reported that whole wheat inclusion(100 and 200 g/kg whole wheat replacing ground wheat from 7 to 21 and 22 to 38 d of age, respectively) increased the fatpad weights in birds fed maize–wheat-based diets. The results of the current study suggest that the geese under-consumedboth WR and GR diet did balance their nutrition intake and achieve the optimal performance.