A GSI and DAPT (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louise, MO, USA) were dissolved
in DMSO at a stock concentration of 50 mM and stored
at −20 ◦C until use. LY294002 was used as a specific inhibitor of
phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) (Cell Signaling Technology,
USA). The cells were pretreated with GSI at the indicated concentration
or with the vehicle (DMSO) for 1 h before subjecting them
to stimulation with Salmonella LPS (100 ng/ml) (Sigma Aldrich) for
the indicated periods.