Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), identified 28 years ago,1 remains a global health threat responsible for a worldwide pandemic with an estimated 33 million people infected.2 More than 7000 new HIV infections occur each day, and the number of newly diagnosed infections remains far greater than the number of people (around 50%) who have access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Advances have been made in treating AIDS since the introduction of HAART in 1996. This has transformed a lethal disease into a chronic pathology, with a dramatic decrease of mortality and morbidity of AIDS-related symptoms in infected patients.