It is therefore generally accepted that anaesthesia may be a useful
way of maintaining fish stress-free during essential manipulations in
aquaculture. However, exposure to anaesthetics is also known to
cause stress (Iwama et al., 1989), thus stimulating secretion of cortisol
(Thomas and Robertson, 1991) and of other blood indicators of
stress (Bolasina, 2006). As these studies were carried out in round
fish, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible
stress effects caused by the use of 2-phenoxyethanol, MS-222, clove