Reactive raw aggression scores were positively related to raw proactive aggression scores, r¼0.74,po0.001, which is comparable to correlations obtained in previous studies (r¼0.76; Dodge and Coie, 1987; r¼0.67; Brown et al., 1996; r¼0.70; Cima and Raine, 2009).
As can be seen in Table 2, correlational analyses showed both raw and residual reactive aggression scores to correlate positively with most of the PD traits, whereas only narcissistic, borderline and antisocial PD traits correlated significantly positive to raw proactive scores.
Residualized proactive aggression scores were only significantly positively correlated to antisocial PD traits,
and negatively correlated to several other PD traits.
The reactive–proactive ratio score correlated significantly positively with all Cluster C PD traits,
paranoid,
schizotypal and borderline PD traits, indicating that these PD traits were related to a relative increased use of reactive aggression compared to proactive aggression.