• Organizational fit, i.e. failure to redesign business processes.
• Skill mix, i.e. insufficient training and reskilling.
• Management structure and strategy, i.e. lack of top management support.
• Software systems design, i.e. lack of integration.
• User involvement and training, i.e. ineffective communication.
• Technology planning/Integration, i.e. inability to avoid technological bottlenecks.