Although a spectrum of cell death have been detected in PD
(Reviewed in Perier et al., 2012) apoptosis rather than necrosis is
considered as the dominant mechanism for neurodegeneration in
PD (Reviewed in Kountouras et al., 2012). Furthermore, in a cellular
model of PD, caspase-independent apoptosis has been shown even
in the presence of cytochrome c release following complex I
inhibition. However, the mechanism underling pathogenesis of PD
is still unknown. In addition to aging, epidemiological studies have
introduced several factors that increase susceptibility to PD
including pesticides, herbicides and industrial chemicals (Ascherio
et al., 2006; Schapira, 2006).