Chapter 13: Managing Groups and Teams
13.1 Case in Point: General Electric Allows Teamwork to Take Flight
13.2 Group Dynamics
Recognize and understand group dynamics and development.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Types of Groups: Formal and Informal
Group: A collection of individuals who interact with each other such that one
person’s actions have an impact on the others.
- Informal work group: A group made up of two or more individuals who
are associated with one another in ways not prescribed by the formal
organization.
- Formal work group: A group made up of managers, subordinates, or
both with close associations among group members that influence the
behavior of individuals in the group.
2. Stages of Group Development
Forming: The stage in which the group comes together for the first time.
Storming: Group members begin to explore their power and influence and they
often stake out their territory by differentiating themselves from the other group
members rather than seeking common ground.
Norming: The stage in which participants find it easy to establish their own
ground rules (or norms) and define their operating procedures and goals.
Performing: The stage in which participants are not only getting the work
done, but they also pay greater attention to how they are doing it.
Adjourning: Just as groups form, so do they end.
Figure 13.4 Stages of the Group Development Model
KEY TAKEAWAY
EXERCISES
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13.3 Understanding Team Design Characteristics
Understand the difference between groups and teams.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Differences Between Groups and Teams
Process loss: Any aspect of group interaction that inhibits group functioning.
Team: A cohesive coalition of people working together to achieve mutual
goals.
2. Team Roles
Teams are based on many roles being carried out as summarized by the
Team Role Typology. These 10 roles include task roles (green), social roles
(yellow), and boundary spanning roles (orange).
Figure 13.9 Team Role Typology
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3. Team Leadership and Autonomy
Team leadership is a major determinant of how autonomous a team can be.
Figure 13.10 Team Leadership and Autonomy
KEY TAKEAWAY
EXERCISES
13.4 Organizing Effective Teams
Understand how to organize effective teams.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Establishing Team Norms and Contracts
Team Norms: Shared expectations about how things operate within a group or
team.
Team Contracts: A contract that includes agreements on established ground
rules, goals, and roles.
2. Team Meetings
Before the Meeting
During the Meeting
After the Meeting
KEY TAKEAWAY
EXERCISES
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13.5 Barriers to Effective Teams
Recognize and address common barriers to team effectiveness.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Common Barriers to Effective Teams
Challenges of Knowing Where to Begin
Dominating Team Members
Poor Performance of Some Team Members
Poorly Managed Team Conflict
KEY TAKEAWAY
EXERCISES
13.6Developing Your Team Skills
Build and maintain cohesive teams.
Principles of Management Dr.YudhJayapravitra
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Chapter 14: Motivating Employees
Motivation: This is defined as “the intention of achieving a goal, leading to
goal-directed behavior.”
Ability: The characteristic of having the skills and knowledge required to
perform the job.
Figure 14.3 According to this equation, motivation, ability, and environment are the
major influences over employee performance.
14.1 Case in Point: Zappos Creates a Motivating Place to Work
14.2 Need-Based Theories of Motivation
Understand need-based theories of motivation.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological needs: The need for air, food, and water.
Safety: The need to be safe from danger, pain, or an uncertain future.
Social needs: The need to bond with other human beings, to be loved, and to
form lasting attachments with them.
Esteem needs: The desire to be respected by one’s peers, feeling important,
and being appreciated.
Self-actualization: The quality of “becoming all you are capable of becoming.”
Principles of Management Dr.YudhJayapravitra
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Figure 14.5 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
KEY TAKEAWAY
EXERCISES
14.3 Process-Based Theories
Understand process-based theories of motivation.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Expectancy Theory
Expectancy: The extent to which a person believes that high levels of effort
will lead to outcomes of interest such as performance or success.
Instrumentality: The degree to which the person believes that performance is
related to secondary outcomes such as rewards.
Valence: The value of the rewards awaiting the person as a result of
performance.
Principles of Management Dr.YudhJayapravitra
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Figure 14.11 Summary of Expectancy Theory
2. SMART Goals
SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely.
Figure 14.17 SMART Goals
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KEY TAKEAWAY
EXERCISES
14.4 Developing Your Personal Motivation Skills
Develop your personal motivation skills.