The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between two variables. It is referred to as Pearson's correlation or simply as the correlation coefficient.
The symbol for Pearson's correlation is "ρ" when it is measured in the population and "r" when it is measured in a sample. Because we will be dealing almost exclusively with samples, we will use r to represent Pearson's correlation unless otherwise noted. Pearson's r can range from -1 to 1.
An r of -1 indicates relationship between variables increase or decrease, an r of 0 indicates no relationship between variables, and an r of 1 indicates a perfect positive linear relationship between variables.