Introduction
The relation between iodine intake and the risk of health problems
can be described by a U-shaped curve, with extremes of both
high and low intakes having adverse consequences on health (1).
There is a narrow optimal range of iodine nutrition. Iodine deficiency
is a global problem resulting in goiter, impaired cognitive and
physical development, and cretinism, whereas excessive iodine
intakes have been associated with goiter, hypothyroidism, and
hyperthyroidism (2–4). The most severe consequences of excessive
intakes include iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, which may
sometimes lead to death from cardiac complications (