These are but a few illustrations of ways in which reality therapy might be adapted to non-Western clients. Although reality therapy assumes that all people have the basic needs (survival, belonging, power, fun, and freedom) the ways in which these needs are expressed depend largely on the cultural context. What is essential is that in working with culturally diverse clients, group leaders allow latitude for a diverse range of acceptable behaviors to satisfy these needs.
Now, let's focus on some of the broader applications of the core concepts of reality therapy from a multicultural perspective. One of these key themes is helping a wide range of clients with diverse backgrounds evaluate for themselves whether their wants are realistic whether their behavior is helping them. Once they have made this assessment, they can make realistic plans that are consistent with their cultural values. This focus clearly empowers clients. It is a sign of respect that the group leader refrains from deciding what behavior should be changed. Through skillful and sensitive questioning, the leader can help clients determine the degree to which they have acculturated into the dominant society. They can then make a personal assessment of the degree to which their wants and needs are being satisfied by having made this decision. It is possible for them to find their own balance of retaining their ethnic and cultural identity and at the same time integrating some of the values and practices of the dominant group. Again, them to arrive at their own answers based on their own value system.
Practitioners who lead groups composed of culturally diverse members may find such clients reluctant to share their feelings during the early phase of the group. Because of their cultural values, some clients are likely to react more positively and to cooperate to a greater degree if the focus is on what they are doing and wanting, rather than on what they are feeling. For example, some clients may be example, some clients may be experiencing depression and anxiety, and they may hope to gain relief from these symptoms by being in a group. Thinking of these symptoms from a reality-therapy perspective, the leader could guide the members to look at what they are doing (or not doing) that is contributing to their emotional state. There is no pressure to experience a catharsis and to do emotional work within the group. Yet members eventually realize that they are "depressing" and "anxietying," rather than having these things simply happen to them. Once they realize that certain behaviors are not functional for their purposes, they are in a better position to make changes that will lead to different outcomes.
As is true for the cognitive-behavioral approaches, reality therapy often works with contracts. In this way the group members eventually specify particular problems that are causing them difficulty and that they would like to explore in the group. Thus, group counseling is typically cast in the framework of a teaching /learning process, which appeals to many non-Euro-American clients. There is a specific focus---namely, a certain behavioral pattern that becomes the target for intervention. The reality-therapy leader is interested in helping members discover better ways to meet their needs. To its credit, this approach provides group members with tools for making the desired changes, especially during the planning phase. With the support and help of other members and the group leader, clients can be assisted in taking specific steps to move the external world closer to the inner world of their wants. If their plans do not always meet with success in everyday reality, these members can then bring concrete situations back to the groupsessions. This type of specificity and the direction that is provided by an effective plan, are certainly assets in working with minority clients in groups
These are but a few illustrations of ways in which reality therapy might be adapted to non-Western clients. Although reality therapy assumes that all people have the basic needs (survival, belonging, power, fun, and freedom) the ways in which these needs are expressed depend largely on the cultural context. What is essential is that in working with culturally diverse clients, group leaders allow latitude for a diverse range of acceptable behaviors to satisfy these needs. Now, let's focus on some of the broader applications of the core concepts of reality therapy from a multicultural perspective. One of these key themes is helping a wide range of clients with diverse backgrounds evaluate for themselves whether their wants are realistic whether their behavior is helping them. Once they have made this assessment, they can make realistic plans that are consistent with their cultural values. This focus clearly empowers clients. It is a sign of respect that the group leader refrains from deciding what behavior should be changed. Through skillful and sensitive questioning, the leader can help clients determine the degree to which they have acculturated into the dominant society. They can then make a personal assessment of the degree to which their wants and needs are being satisfied by having made this decision. It is possible for them to find their own balance of retaining their ethnic and cultural identity and at the same time integrating some of the values and practices of the dominant group. Again, them to arrive at their own answers based on their own value system. Practitioners who lead groups composed of culturally diverse members may find such clients reluctant to share their feelings during the early phase of the group. Because of their cultural values, some clients are likely to react more positively and to cooperate to a greater degree if the focus is on what they are doing and wanting, rather than on what they are feeling. For example, some clients may be example, some clients may be experiencing depression and anxiety, and they may hope to gain relief from these symptoms by being in a group. Thinking of these symptoms from a reality-therapy perspective, the leader could guide the members to look at what they are doing (or not doing) that is contributing to their emotional state. There is no pressure to experience a catharsis and to do emotional work within the group. Yet members eventually realize that they are "depressing" and "anxietying," rather than having these things simply happen to them. Once they realize that certain behaviors are not functional for their purposes, they are in a better position to make changes that will lead to different outcomes. As is true for the cognitive-behavioral approaches, reality therapy often works with contracts. In this way the group members eventually specify particular problems that are causing them difficulty and that they would like to explore in the group. Thus, group counseling is typically cast in the framework of a teaching /learning process, which appeals to many non-Euro-American clients. There is a specific focus---namely, a certain behavioral pattern that becomes the target for intervention. The reality-therapy leader is interested in helping members discover better ways to meet their needs. To its credit, this approach provides group members with tools for making the desired changes, especially during the planning phase. With the support and help of other members and the group leader, clients can be assisted in taking specific steps to move the external world closer to the inner world of their wants. If their plans do not always meet with success in everyday reality, these members can then bring concrete situations back to the groupsessions. This type of specificity and the direction that is provided by an effective plan, are certainly assets in working with minority clients in groups
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