Origin
The notion of innocent until proven guilty is a widely held point of view in many legal systems across the globe. In fact, research corroborates that the tenet was born in the late thirteenth century, was preserved in the universal jurisprudence of ancient times, and later survived in the early modern period. Finally, it was employed as an influential argument opposing torture from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries.
However, the theory officially entered United States law in the legal case Coffin vs. U.S. (1894). The Coffin case involved two defendants, Francis A. Coffin and Percival A. Coffin, who had been convicted of misapplication of funds and making false entries in their employer's bank records. The court's decision would influence the law as it pertains to the accused. It was during this particular case that the court established the justification for and rationalization of presumed innocence.
Law
Even though the Constitution of the United States does not mention it explicitly, presumption of innocence is commonly sustained by the 5th, 6th, and 14th amendments. Consequently, it is a right that is so central to modern democracies that many have explicitly included it in their legal systems and constitutions. In fact, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 11, states that: 'Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.'
OriginThe notion of innocent until proven guilty is a widely held point of view in many legal systems across the globe. In fact, research corroborates that the tenet was born in the late thirteenth century, was preserved in the universal jurisprudence of ancient times, and later survived in the early modern period. Finally, it was employed as an influential argument opposing torture from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries.However, the theory officially entered United States law in the legal case Coffin vs. U.S. (1894). The Coffin case involved two defendants, Francis A. Coffin and Percival A. Coffin, who had been convicted of misapplication of funds and making false entries in their employer's bank records. The court's decision would influence the law as it pertains to the accused. It was during this particular case that the court established the justification for and rationalization of presumed innocence.LawEven though the Constitution of the United States does not mention it explicitly, presumption of innocence is commonly sustained by the 5th, 6th, and 14th amendments. Consequently, it is a right that is so central to modern democracies that many have explicitly included it in their legal systems and constitutions. In fact, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 11, states that: 'Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.'
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