treatment costs, prevention
costs, family/friends physical and psychological costs, legal costs,
rent-seeking costs, regulatory expenses, and the public costs of
training, promotion and research. In addition, these researchers
suggested that these social costs have paid for the liberalization of
casino gambling in Macau. This research asserted that the social
cost of gambling in Macau had risen appropriately 163% (i.e., from
$40 million to $106 million U.S. dollars) from 2003 to 2007.