2.2.1.3 The Administration may permit alternative arrangements and discharge rates provided
that it is satisfied that equivalent protection is achieved.
2.2.2 Installation requirements
2.2.2.1 Supply ducts for delivering foam, air intakes to the foam generator and the number of
foam-producing units shall in the opinion of the Administration be such as will provide effective
foam production and distribution.
2.2.2.2 The arrangement of the foam generator delivery ducting shall be such that a fire in the
protected space will not affect the foam generating equipment. If the foam generators are located
adjacent to the protected space, foam delivery ducts shall be installed to allow at least 450 mm of
separation between the generators and the protected space. The foam delivery ducts shall be
constructed of steel having a thickness of not less than 5 mm. In addition, stainless steel dampers
(single or multi-bladed) with a thickness of not less than 3 mm shall be installed at the openings
in the boundary bulkheads or decks between the foam generators and the protected space. The
dampers shall be automatically operated (electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically) by means
of remote control of the foam generator related to them.
2.2.2.3 The foam generator, its sources of power supply, foam-forming liquid and means of
controlling the system shall be readily accessible and simple to operate and shall be grouped in as
few locations as possible at positions not likely to be cut off by a fire in the protected space.
2.3 Fixed low-expansion foam fire-extinguishing systems
2.3.1 Quantity and foam concentrates
2.3.1.1 The foam concentrates of low-expansion foam fire-extinguishing systems shall be
approved by the Administration based on the guidelines developed by the Organization.*
2.3.1.2 The system shall be capable of discharging through fixed discharge outlets in not more
than 5 min a quantity of foam sufficient to cover to a depth of 150 mm the largest single area
over which oil fuel is liable to spread. The expansion ratio of the foam shall not exceed 12 to 1.
2.3.2 Installation requirements
2.3.2.1 Means shall be provided for the effective distribution of the foam through a permanent
system of piping and control valves or cocks to suitable discharge outlets, and for the foam to be
effectively directed by fixed sprayers on other main fire hazards in the protected space. The
means for effective distribution of the foam shall be proven acceptable to the Administration
through calculation or by testing.
2.3.2.2 The means of control of any such systems shall be readily accessible and simple to
operate and shall be grouped together in as few locations as possible at positions not likely to be
cut off by a fire in the protected space.
2.2.1.3 The Administration may permit alternative arrangements and discharge rates providedthat it is satisfied that equivalent protection is achieved.2.2.2 Installation requirements2.2.2.1 Supply ducts for delivering foam, air intakes to the foam generator and the number offoam-producing units shall in the opinion of the Administration be such as will provide effectivefoam production and distribution.2.2.2.2 The arrangement of the foam generator delivery ducting shall be such that a fire in theprotected space will not affect the foam generating equipment. If the foam generators are locatedadjacent to the protected space, foam delivery ducts shall be installed to allow at least 450 mm ofseparation between the generators and the protected space. The foam delivery ducts shall beconstructed of steel having a thickness of not less than 5 mm. In addition, stainless steel dampers(single or multi-bladed) with a thickness of not less than 3 mm shall be installed at the openingsin the boundary bulkheads or decks between the foam generators and the protected space. Thedampers shall be automatically operated (electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically) by meansof remote control of the foam generator related to them.2.2.2.3 The foam generator, its sources of power supply, foam-forming liquid and means ofcontrolling the system shall be readily accessible and simple to operate and shall be grouped in asfew locations as possible at positions not likely to be cut off by a fire in the protected space.2.3 Fixed low-expansion foam fire-extinguishing systems2.3.1 Quantity and foam concentrates2.3.1.1 The foam concentrates of low-expansion foam fire-extinguishing systems shall beapproved by the Administration based on the guidelines developed by the Organization.*2.3.1.2 The system shall be capable of discharging through fixed discharge outlets in not morethan 5 min a quantity of foam sufficient to cover to a depth of 150 mm the largest single areaover which oil fuel is liable to spread. The expansion ratio of the foam shall not exceed 12 to 1.2.3.2 Installation requirements2.3.2.1 Means shall be provided for the effective distribution of the foam through a permanentsystem of piping and control valves or cocks to suitable discharge outlets, and for the foam to beeffectively directed by fixed sprayers on other main fire hazards in the protected space. Themeans for effective distribution of the foam shall be proven acceptable to the Administrationthrough calculation or by testing.2.3.2.2 The means of control of any such systems shall be readily accessible and simple tooperate and shall be grouped together in as few locations as possible at positions not likely to becut off by a fire in the protected space.
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