An AV graft is similar to a fistula, except that a synthetic vessel, commonly made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), is used to join the artery and the vein. Grafts are inserted when the patient's own vasculature doesn't permit a fistula. Benefits of an AV graft include more options for sites (usually the nondominant forearm, but the graft can be made quite long if necessary and can be placed in the thigh or upper arm) and faster maturation. A graft may be ready for use several weeks after formation.2
Complications of an AV graft include infection, stenosis, and thrombosis.4 Stenosis can occur in the
vein just below the area of the graft. Stenosis can also lead to clotting or thrombosis.