The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is a top predator in Arctic marine ecosystems, and the species
bioaccumulates high levels of biomagnifying persistent organic pollutants (POP). In teleost fish, as well as in
marine mammals and seabirds, legacy POP have been shown to interfere with the vitamin A and vitamin E
homeostasis. Thus, there is the potential for negative health effects from these legacy compounds in Greenland
sharks. In the present study we examined associations among plasma levels of legacy POP and plasma vitamin A
(retinol [RET], retinyl palmitate [RPA]) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol [α-TOC]) in Greenland sharks fromSvalbard,
Norway. Plasma levels of POP were on average higher than the hepatic levels previously reported in Greenland
sharks from Iceland and Davis Strait, Canada. Levels were also higher than the plasma levels reported in Arctic
marine mammals. DDTs (mean 8069 ng/g l.w., range: 900–59,707 ng/g l.w.), PCBs (mean 5766 ng/g l.w.,
range 1344–16,106 ng/g l.w.) and chlordanes (mean 1551 ng/g l.w., range: 323–5756 ng/g l.w.) had the highest
concentrations among the POP groups studied. There were significant inverse relationships between RET
concentrations and the concentrations of the dioxin-like compounds PCB-118 and PCB-156/171, and the
non-dioxin-like compounds PCB-99 and PCB-128. There were also significant inverse relationships between
RPA and 18 of the 38 POP compounds measured. Furthermore, there were significant positive associations between
α-TOC and 13 of the 27 PCB congeners. The study suggests that these vitamin systems can be affected
by the relatively high POP concentrations exhibited by Greenland sharks at Svalbard. However, the present
study is correlative and thus the potential interplay between POP and vitamin dynamics of Greenland sharks
must be interpreted cautiously, pending further research on this issue among elasmobranchs.
The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is a top predator in Arctic marine ecosystems, and the speciesbioaccumulates high levels of biomagnifying persistent organic pollutants (POP). In teleost fish, as well as inmarine mammals and seabirds, legacy POP have been shown to interfere with the vitamin A and vitamin Ehomeostasis. Thus, there is the potential for negative health effects from these legacy compounds in Greenlandsharks. In the present study we examined associations among plasma levels of legacy POP and plasma vitamin A(retinol [RET], retinyl palmitate [RPA]) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol [α-TOC]) in Greenland sharks fromSvalbard,Norway. Plasma levels of POP were on average higher than the hepatic levels previously reported in Greenlandsharks from Iceland and Davis Strait, Canada. Levels were also higher than the plasma levels reported in Arcticmarine mammals. DDTs (mean 8069 ng/g l.w., range: 900–59,707 ng/g l.w.), PCBs (mean 5766 ng/g l.w.,range 1344–16,106 ng/g l.w.) and chlordanes (mean 1551 ng/g l.w., range: 323–5756 ng/g l.w.) had the highestconcentrations among the POP groups studied. There were significant inverse relationships between RETconcentrations and the concentrations of the dioxin-like compounds PCB-118 and PCB-156/171, and thenon-dioxin-like compounds PCB-99 and PCB-128. There were also significant inverse relationships betweenRPA and 18 of the 38 POP compounds measured. Furthermore, there were significant positive associations betweenα-TOC and 13 of the 27 PCB congeners. The study suggests that these vitamin systems can be affectedby the relatively high POP concentrations exhibited by Greenland sharks at Svalbard. However, the presentstudy is correlative and thus the potential interplay between POP and vitamin dynamics of Greenland sharksmust be interpreted cautiously, pending further research on this issue among elasmobranchs.
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