Results and discussion
As shown in Figure 1, one exogenous construct in the research model, EMR Functional Coverage, and one endogenous construct, Extended EMR Use, have been modeled as being “formative” rather than “reflective”, given their composite and multidimensional nature. Since each formative indicator captures a different aspect of the model, changes in these indicators bring about or “cause” change in their underlying construct [66]. Component-based structural equation modeling
(SEM) was used to validate our research model; Partial Least Squares (PLS) was employed because it is better suited to measurement models that include both exogenous and endogenous formative constructs [67].b As implemented in SmartPLS software [68], this approach was also chosen for its robustness with regard to the distribution of residuals [69]c.