Poor children suffer from emotional and
behavioral problems more frequently
than do nonpoor children (see Table 1).
Emotional outcomes are often grouped
along two dimensions: externalizing behaviors
including aggression, fighting, and acting
out, and internalizing behaviors such as
anxiety, social withdrawal, and depression.
Data regarding emotional outcomes are
based on parental and teacher reports. This
section reviews studies that distinguish
between the effects of long- and short-term
poverty on emotional outcomes of children
at different ages.