Genetically Modified (GM) crops represent both an opportunity and a controversial risk for many farmers. Public perceptions have been shaped by a handful of high profile studies which were circulated by various media groups and activists in the early days of commercialization. While some regions have opted to heavily restrict the production and use of GM crops, others have embraced them openly. As a region heavily invested in agriculture, Prince Edward Island regulators, producers, and consumers need to have a solid understanding of both genetic modification technology and the ramifications of its implementation for a variety of stakeholders. This paper is intended to provide the historical and evidentiary context necessary to make informed choices regarding policy development, implementation, and managing economic opportunities.