Nursing performance was measured using the 6DS
developed by Schwirian.13 This scale divides nursing performance
into 52 items in six domains (leadership, critical
care, teaching and collaboration, planning and evaluation,
interpersonal relationships and communication, and professional
development).
After obtaining permission from the developer of the
scale, the researchers and others translated and retranslated
the 6DS for use in this study. The scale was first
translated by a nurse who had more than 10 years’ experience
in the English-speaking world and a non-medical
professional with a specialty in English literature. To
confirm the validity of the content, the scale was examined
at meetings of five nursing researchers who had a
master’s degree or higher education and more than 5
years of clinical experience. Furthermore, to ensure
equivalence with the original, back translation was implemented
by a bilingual undergraduate student and a nurse
who had more than 2 years’ experience studying abroad,
and who had not seen the original 6DS. When the scale
was used in the survey, the Cronbach’s coefficient alpha
was 0.92 for the whole scale and 0.90–0.91 for each
subscale.
Ethical considerations