2. Method
2.1. Participants
Thirty-four lower-intermediate language learners participated in a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. They
were divided into experimental (n=17) and control groups (n=17) based on their choice to work with a mobile
dictionary or a printed one for their language course.
2.2. Instruments
Two instruments were used in this study: a language achievement test; and the Longman mobile and Longman
paperback Dictionary.
2.2.1. The language test
The language test consisted of 5 parts including listening (20 items), vocabulary (30 items), grammar (30 items),
reading comprehension (10 items) and writing. The test was administered twice, prior to the study and at the end of
the course. The test was scored out of 100. All parts except the writing part had a multiple choice format, and thus