In order to achieve validity the researcher identified five experts in the field of
organizational theory and practice. The experts were asked to validate the information
that the researcher had assembled into a list of agile indicators. The content validity is
only as good as the choices made by the researcher about who to include on the panel
and how well the panel members understood the modem organization.
A second limitation of the study centers on the subjects’ (school principals)
consistency when interpreting the phrase “educational success.” School principals
interpret success in different ways. To some, success is measured in high standardized
test scores, while others consider their schools successful if parents believe the school is
successful. In order to compensate for this intervening variable, principals were asked to
utilize the definition for “educational success” provided by the researcher. The
definition was developed using criteria outlined for the Malcolm Baldridge National
Quality Award (2000). It is unknown how difficult it was for some principals to accept
the Baldridge criteria as a measure of school success.
The scope of the study is also a potential limitation. The study was conducted in
the Commonwealth o f Pennsylvania only. The results of the study may not necessarily
generalize to a wider population. State and regional factors such as politics, media, and
general culture may bias the opinions of some participants.
Finally, the study’s conclusions may have been affected by the return volume of
the surveys. For a variety of reasons, surveys were not returned, or were not returned in
a timely manner by participants selected for the study. Factors that may have negatively
affected return rates include the principals’ workload, general lack of interest in
In order to achieve validity the researcher identified five experts in the field of
organizational theory and practice. The experts were asked to validate the information
that the researcher had assembled into a list of agile indicators. The content validity is
only as good as the choices made by the researcher about who to include on the panel
and how well the panel members understood the modem organization.
A second limitation of the study centers on the subjects’ (school principals)
consistency when interpreting the phrase “educational success.” School principals
interpret success in different ways. To some, success is measured in high standardized
test scores, while others consider their schools successful if parents believe the school is
successful. In order to compensate for this intervening variable, principals were asked to
utilize the definition for “educational success” provided by the researcher. The
definition was developed using criteria outlined for the Malcolm Baldridge National
Quality Award (2000). It is unknown how difficult it was for some principals to accept
the Baldridge criteria as a measure of school success.
The scope of the study is also a potential limitation. The study was conducted in
the Commonwealth o f Pennsylvania only. The results of the study may not necessarily
generalize to a wider population. State and regional factors such as politics, media, and
general culture may bias the opinions of some participants.
Finally, the study’s conclusions may have been affected by the return volume of
the surveys. For a variety of reasons, surveys were not returned, or were not returned in
a timely manner by participants selected for the study. Factors that may have negatively
affected return rates include the principals’ workload, general lack of interest in
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