In HY 85 steel, no proeutecoid ferrite and pearlite have been observed at slower cooling rates and for higher cooling rates bainite, bainite & martensite, and martensite have been observed.
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For Nb-microalloyed and HY 85 steels, a cooling rate of approximately 35 K/s and 70 K/s respectively will ensure a hardness value of 350VHN in the weld CGHAZ region which is considered safe from the point of view of cold cracking.