tangere L. Many fir trees, which here reach excellent
diameters, are subject to damage by Armillaria ostoyae
(Romag.) Herink, and thereafter to snowfalls and
windfalls. Where gaps form, however, fir regeneration
is absent.
• Artificial Mountain Sprucewood: this is characterised
by remarkable density, which sometimes causes
a complete lack of the understorey. In areas where
the stand is less well stocked, shrubs of Lonicera
genus and, mostly, Rubus idaeus are abundant, so as to
hamper the natural regeneration process. Here, spruce
trees, because of little thinning in the younger stages,
have low mechanical stability. Besides Armillaria infections,
in the 1980s, clearcuts were carried out in
some stands, heavily damaged first by Cephalcia arvensis
(Hymenoptera, Pamphiliideae) and then by
Coleoptera Scolytidae (Battisti et al. 1994).