33 Specific to authenticity is data
integrity, which assesses the integrity of the file through an internal mechanism (e.g., PNG files
include byte sequences to validate against errors). Another method of validating the authenticity
of a document is to look at its traceability,34 that is, the traces left by the original author and those
who modified or opened a file. One example is the difference between the creation date,
modification date, and access date of any file on a personal computer