Heart failure (HF) affects almost 3% of the general population, with a prevalence of 10%–20% in the elderly.1 HF is an increasingly serious epidemiological and clinical issue, and numbers of patients with the disease are growing due to, among other factors, longer lifespans and higher survival rates of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Despite the many pharmacological treatment options and use of implantable devices, patients with HF are still frequently hospitalized, and the survival rate of patients with normal ejection fraction has not improved (there has been a slight improvement in the survival rates of patients with impaired ejection fraction). According to statistics cited by Jencks et al one in five Medicare patients with HF is rehospitalized within 30 days, and nearly one in three within 90 days from discharge.2 Importantly, HF accounted only for 37% of rehospitalizations. The remaining ones were due to other conditions. The most common diseases resulting in rehospitalizations in patients with HF are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, depression, and lower respiratory tract conditions.3 Most patients with HF are elderly, ie, over 65 years of age. The relationship between HF and frailty syndrome (FS) is of