One where executions occur — and go unpunished — despite the fact that there is no death-penalty law (Iraq);
One that has approved a death-penalty provision but has not yet incorporated it into the nation’s laws (Brunei);
One that conducts executions but is not recognized as a nation (the Islamic State, also known as Daesh, ISIS and ISIL);
One where, in theory, a particular interpretation of its laws would provide for the death penalty but, in practice, no executions have been reported (United Arab Emirates)