To further show the combination of inductive
learning and reasoning, a simple, preliminary example
of birds and penguins was developed. The application
has four input attributes, two of which correspond to
Penguin and Bird. The other two are other
(undetermined) attributes of birds (e.g., Feather). The
output is Boolean and characterizes the ability to fly.
At first, the system is exposed mostly to penguin-birds.
When asked whether birds typically fly (i.e., only the
Bird attribute is asserted, and all other inputs are
don't-care), PDL2 concludes that birds do not fly,
which is consistent with its current experience with
the "world." However, as more new instances of flying
birds (i.e., other than penguins) are encountered,
PDL2 adapts its knowledge and when asked again,
concludes that birds fly. This simple case of bottomup
inheritance is thus handled directly (B1), or
extensionally
To further show the combination of inductivelearning and reasoning, a simple, preliminary exampleof birds and penguins was developed. The applicationhas four input attributes, two of which correspond toPenguin and Bird. The other two are other(undetermined) attributes of birds (e.g., Feather). Theoutput is Boolean and characterizes the ability to fly.At first, the system is exposed mostly to penguin-birds.When asked whether birds typically fly (i.e., only theBird attribute is asserted, and all other inputs aredon't-care), PDL2 concludes that birds do not fly,which is consistent with its current experience withthe "world." However, as more new instances of flyingbirds (i.e., other than penguins) are encountered,PDL2 adapts its knowledge and when asked again,concludes that birds fly. This simple case of bottomupinheritance is thus handled directly (B1), orextensionally
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