Pruitt-Igoe was a symptom of racial and class division in St. Louis; however, the poor living conditions in the complex were more visible due to Pruitt-Igoe’s image as an innovative architectural achievement. As Lee Rainwater demonstrated in Behind Ghetto Walls, life in the project was often harsh, but, in many ways, conditions there were not worse than in typical “ghetto” neighborhoods. The key difference was not the types of problems—graffiti, drugs, female-headed households, poverty, racial segregation—but the cramped quarters of the high-rise design, which increased friction between residents and exacerbated the aggravation common among the very poor. As Fig. 9 shows, poverty levels in Pruitt- Igoe were not lower than in the surrounding areas, including East St. Louis; thus, poverty was a location-specific trend in the older urbanized areas, and not limited to Pruitt-Igoe