Pakistan's antagonistic stance toward India over Kashmir, the rise of Hindu nationalism in the 1980s, and regular spurts of sectarian violence 1989 have significantly undermined the unifying identity of kashmiriyat. In particular, the heavy-handed presence of the Indian military in Kashmir drove many Muslims to sympathize with separatist militants. Likewise, Islamic militant violence drove many Hindus closer to a growing religious nationalism, known as Honduras. Buddhists increasingly sought to insulate themselves from the rest of protect their unique identity and interests.