For 55 621 patients with data on repeat endoscopy (first two years of follow-up excluded), the standardised incidence ratio levels were determined by both baseline mucosal status and subsequent histological change (fig 3⇓). In general the pattern was consistent with the trend observed in the total cohort—standardised incidence ratios increased with more advanced baseline mucosal lesions. Furthermore, within each baseline mucosal status group, progression was consistently associated with a higher incidence of non-cardia gastric cancer risk than “no change,” and no change was likewise consistently associated with a higher incidence than regression. For those with a regression of mucosal changes, statistically significant standardised incidence ratios were only observed in the dysplasia group.